Conditions Associated with Hydrocephalus
There are several conditions that are either forms of hydrocephalus or are closely related to it. Some, such as longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA), are classified as types of hydrocephalus, while others, like ventriculomegaly and external hydrocephalus, affect similar regions of the brain.
Longstanding Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adults (LOVA)
LOVA describes certain chronic forms of hydrocephalus that have been present since birth or early infancy. In these cases, symptoms may not appear for many years. Associated terms include arrested hydrocephalus, decompensating hydrocephalus and chronic congenital hydrocephalus.
It is believed that a congenital process, such as aqueduct stenosis (where there is a narrowing between the third and fourth ventricles), blocks the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lateral and third ventricles. The ventricles subsequently enlarge, and because the skull bones are not fully fused in infancy, the head circumference can increase without leading to symptoms from raised pressure. Sometimes, the blockage in the aqueduct resolves, and CSF flow returns to normal, leaving the ventricles enlarged and the head circumference above typical size. This stable situation often persists into adulthood. Eventually, however, CSF can start to accumulate again, leading to symptoms of increased pressure—a process known as decompensation.
Symptoms may first emerge in early adulthood, but more commonly they start during middle or later life. The onset can be gradual, progressing over months, or, in some cases, develop quite quickly within days or weeks.
The most common signs and symptoms include:
- Gait ataxia: difficulty coordinating walking, often seen as a wide-based, staggering gait
- Cognitive decline
- Urinary problems: increased frequency, urgency, or incontinence
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Papilloedema
To read about living with Hydrocephalus, please read my book, Marc’s Garden, published by Olympia Publishers.
