What is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterised by a build-up of fluid in the brain. This accumulation of fluid can result in a variety of physical and cognitive effects.

Effects of Hydrocephalus

The impact of hydrocephalus can be wide-ranging. Cognitively, it can be associated with learning difficulties that affect concentration, reasoning, short-term memory, coordination, motivation, organisational skills, and language. Physically, individuals may experience visual problems or, in children, early onset of puberty.

It is important to note that many of these effects can be alleviated through specific teaching strategies or appropriate medical treatment. The extent of the effects can differ greatly from person to person, with some individuals experiencing very few or no noticeable difficulties.

Causes of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus develops when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is unable to drain properly into the bloodstream. This can be due to a range of factors, including differences in brain development, issues with fluid absorption in an otherwise typical brain, or damage to the brain tissue resulting from head injury, haemorrhage, or infection.

When CSF accumulates excessively, it causes an abnormal widening of the brain’s ventricles. This widening increases pressure on the surrounding brain tissue, which can be harmful.

Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is most commonly treated by diverting the excess CSF to another part of the body where it can be absorbed.

Types of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus can be congenital—meaning present at birth—or acquired, which means it can develop at any stage during a person’s life.